The Connecticut Data Privacy Act (CTDPA) has been in force since July 1, 2023 and sits among the stronger state privacy laws. Alongside the core rights to access, correct, delete, and opt out, Connecticut returned in 2023 to widen the law with added protections for health data and for the personal information of children and teens.
In effect since January 1, 2025, the Iowa Consumer Data Protection Act (ICDPA) lets Iowans see, delete, and obtain a copy of the data companies hold and opt out of its sale. It is narrower than most state laws, though: Iowa grants no right to correct inaccurate data, and where most states make a company get a person's consent before handling sensitive information, it asks only that the company offer a chance to opt out.
The Virginia Consumer Data Protection Act (VCDPA) took effect on January 1, 2023, making Virginia the second state, after California, to enact a comprehensive privacy law. California set the strongest standard, but many of the states that came after have followed Virginia's more limited model rather than California's. It lets Virginians access, correct, delete, and obtain a copy of their data and opt out of targeted advertising, data sales, and certain profiling.
In 2025, the Data Breach Chronology captured 8,019 data breach notification filings from state and federal agencies that publish breach reports. These represented 4,080 unique breach events impacting at least 375 million individuals. This report examines what those 4,080 breaches tell us about the state of data security, and where the gaps in breach reporting leave consumers in the dark.